Over several years, treatment of infectious diseases has undergone a big revolution shift. Niosomes are composed of non-ionic surfactants that are biodegradable, comparatively non-toxic, more stable & inexpensive as compared to liposomes. This article reviews the widest interest on niosomes and also overview the preparation methods of niosomes, types and composition of niosomes, its salient features and evaluation parameters of niosomes with their applications

A transdermal patch containing methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is developed and evaluated in this study. Despite the fact that methotrexate is one of the cornerstones of RA therapy, it is usually administered frequently, which can lead to systemic side effects and poor patient compliance with the medication. In addition to minimizing gastrointestinal side effects and improving therapeutic outcomes, transdermal delivery systems offer an innovative approach to administering methotrexate. There were a variety of formulations used in the development of the methotrexate transdermal patch, including polymers and plasticizers, as well as permeation enhancers to enhance drug release and skin penetration. A comfortable wearing experience was ensured by the formulation's favorable mechanical properties, such as adequate tensile strength and flexibility. Methotrexate released controlled amounts in vitro, suggesting sustained therapeutic effect. The patch penetrated more effectively than conventional topical formulations when applied to human cadaver skin. A transdermal patch targeting methotrexate is an effective approach to treating rheumatoid arthritis with sustained delivery of methotrexate. Transdermal systems allow controlled and targeted drug release, which can reduce dosing frequency, improve patient compliance, and minimize side effects

Rhinitis and urticaria are common allergic conditions that can be treated with bilastine, a second-generation antihistamine. The short half-life of the drug makes consistent dosing difficult for patients despite its efficacy. We conducted this study in order to evaluate the formulation and the therapy efficacy of bilastine floating tablets, with the goal of prolonging gastric residence time and enhancing drug bioavailability, thereby reducing the frequency of dosing and improving the effectiveness of the therapy. As a gas-generating agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium bicarbonate were incorporated into the floating tablets using a direct compression technique. By using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we assessed parameters such as powder flow properties, compressibility, and drug-excipient compatibility before optimizing the formulation. Based on the results of in vitro dissolution studies, a controlled release profile of bilastine over a period of 12 hours has been observed, following a zero-order kinetics model. It can be concluded that the formulation of the bilastine floating tablet highlights the potential of gastroretentive drug delivery systems to optimize the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs with a narrow window of absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract when using gastroretentive drug delivery systems.

Caesalpinia bonducella (Fabaceae), has traditionally been used for various renal diseases including urolithiasis. Considering the therapeutic and nutritional values, the present study was designed to investigate the antiurolithiatic potential of C.bonducella leaves as niosomes through in-vitro approaches. Methods: Ethanolic aqueous extract of C.bonducella leaves was prepared and screened for phytoconstituents through GC-MS analysis, while anti urolithiatic activity was determined by nucleation assay. Whereas, Presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, proteins and flavonoids was confirmed . Results: C.bonducella niosomal extract significantly inhibited the ammonium oxalate crystal nucleation, parameter. Conclusions: Thus, C.bonducella niosomal extract demonstrated marked stone inhibiting potential which can be due to its antioxidant, lowering of urinary concentration of stone forming constituents and anti-crystallization effects.