The assay of an absorbing substance may be quickly carried out by preparing a solution in a transparent solvent and measuring its absorbance at a suitable wavelength. The wavelength normally selected is a wavelength of maximum absorption (? max), where small errors in setting the wavelength scale have little effects on the measured absorbance. Aim of the present study is to develop an accurate, precise, sensitive, reproducible, analytical technique and forced degradation study to determine the Voclosporin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Voclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor for the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN). Lupus nephritis (LN) is a type ofglomerulonephritis occurring in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The linearity data for Voclosporin is given in capsule; the linearity plots of Voclosporin at 222 nm. The regression equation and correlation coefficient forthe calibration cure of Voclosporin at 222 nm were found linear in the concentration range of 1.9 - 11.8 µg/mL at wavelength. Simple, precise and accurate UV spectrophotometric method were developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the estimation of Voclosporin in capsule dosage form.

Nystatin is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat Candida infections of the skin including diaper rash, thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. It may also be used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk. Nystatin may be used by mouth, in the vagina, or applied to the skin. The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate microspheres loaded transdermal gel containing Nystatin as a model drug microsphere were prepared by using aqueous ionotropic gelation method. Different polymers, different drug to polymer(s) ratio(s) and other parameters were screened to study their effects on properties of microspheres and to optimize each parameter. The microspheres obtained were subjected to preformulation studies like bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, carr’s index, hausner’s ratio the results obtained were within the limit. The microspheres were characterized by Percentage yield, Drug entrapment efficiency, Particle size analysis, then the optimized microspheres formulation F3 were incorporated into the gel prepared with various grades of carbopol polymer(s) ratio(s) and was evaluated by parameters like Visual inspection , pH measurement , Spreadability studies , Viscosity and invitro drug release by using franz diffusion cell for results from the diffusion results F5 showed maximum percentage drug release of 96.72 hence it was considered as the optimized formulation

New method was established for simultaneous estimation of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic conditions were successfully developed for the separation of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe by using ACE C18 column (4.6×150mm) 5µ, flow rate was 1.2 ml/min, mobile phase ratio was (70:30 v/v) methanol:Phosphate buffer pH 3 (pH was adjusted with orthophosphoricacid), detection wavelength was 240nm. The instrument used was Shimadzu, model No. SPD-20MA LC+20AD, Software- LC-20 Solution. The retention times were found to be 2.733 mins and 3.415 mins. The % purity of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe was found to be 101.27% and 99.97% respectively. The precision study was precise, robust, and repeatable. LOD value was 3.17 and 5.68, and LOQ value was 0.0172 and 0.2125 respectively. Hence the suggested RP-HPLC method can be used for routine analysis of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe in API and Pharmaceutical dosage form

The present study involves the design and characterization of floating microspheres with Dilteazem Hydrochloride as model drug for prolongation of tonic clonic jerk time, microsphere of Dilteazem Hydrochloride, was developed to reduce the frequency of drug administration, ease of dose adjustment and improve patient compliance. In this study, the shape and surface morphology of microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro drug release studies were performed and drug release kinetics was evaluated using the linear regression method. Effects of polymer concentration, solvent composition, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and drug release were also studied. The synthesized microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release (> 10 h) and remained buoyant for > 24 h. The drug entrapment efficiency was in the range 50-70 %. At higher polymer concentration, the average particle size was increased and the drug release rate decreased. In vitro studies revealed diffusion-controlled drug release from the microspheres. Among all the formulations (F1- F6), F3 is the optimized formulation of Dilteazem Hydrochloride was prepared by solvent evaporation techniques using Ethyl cellulose as polymer and particle size, microsphere efficiencies and in vitro release of the fabricated microsphere were evaluated. Particle sizes of the microspheres were influenced by the concentration of Ethyl cellulose and stirring speed. From the results of the in vitro study shows that the desired release rate is achieved by ethyl cellulose. The object of this study was to develop and evaluate stable microspheres of Dilteazem Hydrochloride drug an antiepileptic drug using combination of Eudragit and ethyl cellulose as polymer which delivers the drug at a controlled rate for a prolonged period of time. Ethyl cellulose used in this study and it is showing hard binding of microspheres. Keywords: Dilteazem Hydrochloride, Sustained release, Ethyl Cellulose

Two UV Spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Naproxen Sodium (NAP) and Codeine Phosphate (COD) in bulk and in its tablet dosage forms as per ICH guidelines. Sodium hydroxide is used as a solvent. The stock solutions were prepared by using 0.1 N sodium hydroxide as a solvent. In the Zero order derivative method, NAP showed maximum absorbance at 262 nm and COD showed maximum absorbance at 284 nm. In the Third order derivative method, NAP showed maximum absorbance at 264 nm and COD at 281 nm. Calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range of 50-250 ?g/ ml for NAP and 5-25 ?g/ ml for COD in both methods. The LOD and LOQ value of the drugs in zero order derivative method was found to be 3.59 ?g/ ml and 10.89 ?g/ ml for NAP and 0.29 ?g/ ml and 0.90 ?g/ ml for COD. In third order derivative method LOD and LOQ value of NAP is 5.21 ?g/ ml and 15.81 ?g/ ml and for COD is 0.41 ?g/ ml and 1.25 ?g/ ml. The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The developed methods were found to be simple, accurate and precise for the routine analysis of the NAP and COD in bulk and tablet dosage forms

This study aims to formulate and evaluate an innovative nanoemulsion of Metformin for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug, often exhibits suboptimal bioavailability due to its poor solubility and limited gastrointestinal absorption. The primary objective was to develop a nanoemulsion-based drug delivery system to overcome these limitations and improve the drug's pharmacokinetic profile. The formulation process involved screening various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants to identify the most effective combination for Metformin solubilization. Oleic acid, Tween 80, and Transcutol P were selected as the oil phase, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively, based on their high emulsification efficiency and compatibility with Metformin. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the optimal ratios of these components, ensuring the formation of a stable nanoemulsion. The optimized nanoemulsion was characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and stability. The stability studies confirmed no significant changes in these parameters over three months. In vitro release studies showed a significantly higher dissolution rate of Metformin from the nanoemulsion compared to the conventional tablet form. The cumulative drug release from the nanoemulsion reached 94.5% within 60 minutes, whereas the conventional formulation released in the same period. The study concluded that the Metformin nanoemulsion formulation significantly enhances solubility and dissolution rate, suggesting its potential to improve therapeutic outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Further in vivo studies are warranted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical efficacy of the developed nanoemulsion