ABSTRACT

To assess the phytotoxicity of five different carpet dyes viz. Methyl Red, Methyl Orange, Erichrome Black, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green and their extracted metabolites, (degraded products) an experiment was set up, in which the seeds of Hordeum vulgarevar. RD 2508 were germinated to assess the comparative toxicity of the dye against its degraded/extracted metabolites by the potent degrader fungal strain Aspergillus niger. All the dyes displayed a unique and uniform behavior. The results with the control (DD H2O) group were the best, followed by the extract group and then the dye group. Best results of germination and seedling growth parameters on Hordeum vulgare were obtained with Methyl Orange dye and the least results were obtained with Malachite Green dye. Although all the carpet dyes, showed variable results among the root length, shoot length and dry weight, that indicated their differential toxic behavior towards the seedling germination and seedling growth. The overall pattern indicated that the degraded products or metabolites were undoubtedly less toxic than the dyes themselves.

Keywords: Phytotoxicity, Extracted Metabolites, Degraded products, Toxic, Germination, Root length, Shoot length, Total dry weight.

ABSTRACT

RP-HPLC method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the estimation of Ambroxol HCl and Levocetirizine. Simultaneous Estimation of Ambroxol HCl and Levocetirizine.2HCl   were carried out by RP- HPLC using sodium phosphate buffer (P^H 3.0): Methanol (30:70) and column Phenomenex Luna C-18 (250x4.6 mm, 5um) as a stationary phase and peak was observed at 230 nm which was selected as a wavelength for quantitative estimation. After the development of the method, it was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and ruggedness studies. The system suitability parameter also reveals that the values within the specified limit for the proposed method. Theoretical plate for Ambroxol HCl was found to be 5232, for Levocetirizine it was found to be 6590. The precision of the System and Method were checked and found to be within limits. This indicates that the method is precise. From the linearity studies, the specified range for Ambroxol HCl and Levocetirizine.2HCl was found to be 20% to 120%. It was evaluated by the visual inspection of the plot of Peak area vs. Concentration. Validation revealed the method is specific, rapid, precise, reliable, and reproducible.

Keywords: Method Development, Simultaneous Estimation, Validation, Ambroxol, Levocetirizine, Solid Dosage Form.

ABSTRACT

An inclusion complex of with a β-cyclodextrine and hydroxy propyl cellulose is a convenient new technique for enhancing the solubility of Domperidone. Phase-solubility studies demonstrated the ability of β- cyclodextrins to complex with Domperidone and increase drug solubility as well as stability also. The solid inclusion was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and element analysis. These experimental results confirmed the existence of 1:1 inclusion complex of Domperidone with β-cyclodextrin, the formation constant of complex was determined by the Enhancement of dissolution rates with increasing quantity of β-CD in the complex was observed. It was also observed that the complexes exhibit higher dissolution rates than the pure drug and physical mixture. The Apparent stability constant, „K‟ for F 2 and F3 was found to be 142 M-1, 200.3 M-1 respectively, which indicates the formation of stable complex.

Keywords: Solubility; Stability, Inclusion Method, β-cyclodextrine Complex.

ABSTRACT

The current study was done to analyse the antibacterial activity of the methanolic- aqua extract of Acanthospermum australe. From the study, the plant was found to inhibit only Bacillus cereus (20.00± 0.000) among all the other organisms the plant was tested against. Penicillin inhibited the growth of all the organisms while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) did not show any zones of inhibition. The study shows that the plant can be used to treat against infections caused by Bacillus cereus, however; more research needs to be done to isolate the active compounds, determine their structural composition and their mode action in inhibiting the bacteria.

Keywords: Acanthospermum, leaves, pharmacological, plants, antibacterial.

ABSTRACT Timolol Maleate and Brimonidine Tartrate combination is used for the topical treatment of intra-occular pressure in patients of glaucoma. Three rapid, simple, accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed namely simultaneous equation method (Method 1), First Derivative Method (Method 2) and Ratio First Derivative Method (Method 3) for the simultaneous estimation of Timolol Maleate (TM) and Brimonidine Tartrate (BRT). In Method 1, Timolol Maleate and Brimonidine Tartrate exhibit good linearity over the concentration range of 2-50 μg/ml and 2-14 μg/ml respectively at 294 nm and 255 nm wavelengths. Method 2 is based on First Derivative Method, the ZCP of TM selected for the estimation of BRT is 294.3 nm and the ZCP of BRT selected for the estimation of TM is 302.3 nm. Linearity range is 2-50 μg/ml and 2-14 μg/ml for TM and BRT respectively. Method 3 is based on Ratio First Derivative Spectrophotometry. Linearity range is 2-50 μg/ml and 2-14 μg/ml at 290 nm and 244 nm for TM and BRT respectively. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines for the evaluation of accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The three methods were compared using one-way ANOVA and the fcal value was found to be less than ftab value indicating that there is no significant difference in the assay results by the three methods. Thus, the proposed methods are rapid, accurate, precise and economically viable for the simultaneous estimation of TM and BRT respectively in pure form as well as in ophthalmic formulation.

Keywords: Timolol Maleate, Brimonidine Tartrate, Simultaneous Equation method, First Derivative Method, Ratio First Derivative Spectrophotometry, Validation, ANOVA.

ABSTRACT A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive, specific and reliable stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Ethinyl estradiol (EE) and Levonorgestrel (LEV) in Pharmaceutical dosage form. The developed method with mobile phase Acetonitrile: Water (75: 25), Analytica brownee C-18 (150×4.6 mm, 3μm particle size) as a stationary phase and flow rate was 0.8 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 230 nm in PDA detector. The calibration curve of Ethinyl estradiol and Levonorgestrel was found to be linear in the range of 4-14 μg/ml and 20-70 μg/ml respectively. The proposed method has been validated for precision, accuracy, robustness. As the proposed method can effectively separate the drugs from all their degradation products, it can be employed as stability indicating method.

Keywords: Ethinyl estradiol, Levonorgestrel, High Performance Liquid chromatography, Validation.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to formulate an oral floating tablet of Captopril using the hydrophilic polymer hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 934P gas generating agent Calcium Carbonate and citric acid using direct compression method. The prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their physical characteristics, in vitro release, buoyancy, buoyancy lag-time and swelling index. The results of all the pre and post compression tests of all formulations batches were found to be sympathetic. The in-vitro % drug release was found to be in range of 79.99 to 97.23 % at the end of 24 hrs. From the in-vitro dissolution study it was observed that tablet of batch F6 showed highest percentage cumulative drug release due to combination of HPMC K100M, HPMC K15M and carbopol selected as optimized batch. Optimized batch was further evaluated for the effect of dissolution apparatus USP type I and type II and hardness of tablet. The USP Type I apparatus suppresses the three dimensional drug releases from the matrix tablet. The tablet having higher hardness affects the floating lag time and also retards the drug release from the matrix.The n value obtained from the korsemeyer-peppas equation indicates tablet of batch F6 shows rather first order release mechanism.

Keywords: Floating Tablet, Hardness, HPMC, Carbopol 934P, Dissolution Apparatus.

ABSTRACT

Serratiopeptidase is derived from bacteria belonging to genus Serratia. Serratiopeptidase tablets used in the treatment of viral diseases and hepatitis. Serratiopeptidase were formulated using HPMC phthalate as enteric coating polymer in different concentrations to optimize delayed drug release profile and to target the drug release in the small intestine regions. The present work was made to develop enteric coated tablets containing Serratiopeptidase tablets were made by direct compression method. The tablets were evaluated for physical characterization, in vitro release study and stability studies. Results of in vitro release profile indicated that formulation F1 was the most promising formulation as the extent of drug release from this formulation was optimum and match with the In-house Specification when compared to other formulations.

Keywords: Enteric coated tablets, Serratiopeptidase, Hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose, In-vitro release studies.

ABSTRACT

Flash chromatography is a rapid purification technique used to purify compounds of wide ranging polarity; often reaction mixtures, where the target (synthesized) molecule must be separated from excess reagents and reaction by-products. It is an established technique that can have a very positive impact on productivity in the pharmaceutical research and development chemistry laboratory . Finding the optimal conditions for a normal phase or reverse phase Flash-LC separation can be a laborious process. The aim of this work was to develop a screening system to enable automated, rapid and reliable method development for preparative Flash chromatography.

Keywords: Flash chromatography, Flash Columns, Solvents, etc.

ABSTRACT

This study examined the glycaemia regulatory potential of Sri Lankan low grown orthodox Orange Pekoe (O.P.) grade black tea brew (BTB) which was made according to ISO 3103 specifications. Different doses of BTB [223 (equivalent to 1.5 cups), 446 (equivalent to 3 cups) and 1339 mg /kg (equivalent to 9 cups) ]were orally administered to normoglycaemic rats (N= 9-12/group) and their fasting, random and post parandial (after glucose and sucrose challenges) blood glucose levels were determined using standard procedures. The effect of BTB on amylase (N=3) and glucosidase activities (N=6) were also assessed spectrophotometrically in vitro. The results showed that, BTB impaired the rise in blood glucose level following both oral glucose and sucrose challenges. In vitro studies showed that BTB possess mild (but dose-dependent) antiamylase activity but no anti-glucosidase activity. It is concluded that Sri Lankan low grown orthodox O.P. grade black tea has the potential to be used as a beverage to regulate glycaemia /dysglycaemia by suppressing post parandial hyperglycaemia.

Keywords: Black tea, Orange pekoe, Camellia sinensis, Glycaemia, Dysglycaemia, Hyperglycaemia.