ABSTRACT

A stable, simple, rapid, precise, accurate HPLC method for analysis of Roxithromycin was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines without need of any internal standard. Separation was carried out using X’terra RP18 (250*4.6) mm, 5μ column with potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 3): acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) as mobile phase with flow rate 1 mL min-1. The parameters studied were retention time, linearity and range, accuracy, precision. The proposed method can be used for determination of Roxithromycin from Human plasma.

Keywords: Roxithromycin, HPLC, Validation.

ABSTRACT

A simple, sensitive and reproducible method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin calcium, Fenofibrate, and Orlistat in tablet formulation by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography by using HPLC Prominance / shimadzu (Isocratic system) with Biochrom – Double beam UV-VISIBLE spectrophotometer at the λmax of 210 nm, using Zorbax C8(250 x 4.6), 5 μm. The mobile phase used as Phosphate buffer (pH 6.8): Acetonitrile: Water: Phosphoric acid (850:150:0.05) with isocratic flow (flow rate 1.0 ml/min) and the pH was adjusted with phosphate buffer. Mobile phase is used as diluent. The compounds Atorvastatin calcium, Fenofibrate, and Orlistat were eluted at 2.78, 4.62 and 10.27 min respectively. The peaks were eluted with better resolution. The sample concentrations are measured on weight basis to avoid the internal standard. The method is validated and shown to be linear. The correlation coefficients for Atorvastatin, Fenofibrate and Orlistat are 0.999, 0.989 and 0.999, respectively. The relative standard deviation for six replicates is always less than 2%. This HPLC method is successfully applied to the simultaneous quantitative analysis of the drugs in tablets.

Keywords: C8 column, Atorvastatin calcium, Fenofibrate, Orlistat, RP-HPLC, Method Validation.

ABSTRACT

The present paper deals with the analysis of IR – spectrum by Nelumbo nucifera flower and silver nanoparticles. Sepcies of Nelumbo nucifera flower reportedly used in traditional systems of medicine. Natural products, especially plants have been used for the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years. Three different types of compound were separated to different time intervals (C – I, C – II and C – III) using column chromatography and synthesis of Silver nanoparticles from Nelumbo nucifera flower. These compounds and silver nanoparticles tested for disc diffusion method this samples compound III and silver nanoparticles gave a maximum zone of inhibition. That samples analysis of IR – spectrum.The results identify the different functional groups. This IR- results alkene group (1635.64) present in all samples.This work concludes the particular functional group identify. That alkene group function for the inhibit the pathogenic organisms.

Keywords: Silver Nanoparticles, Column Chromatography, IR – Spectrum Analysis.

ABSTRACT

World Water & Environmental Engineering is an international water quality magazine that reaches over 10,000 water quality professionals in Central India and South India. Helmed by London-based publisher Nic Christy, World Water will couple with WEF\'s flagship publication, Water Environment & Technology, to provide the most up-to-date technical information available in the global water quality field. With over 25 years experience providing the key decision makers in the international water industry with up-to-the-minute technical information, industry news and authoritative comment, World Water & Environmental Engineering is the first choice for those marketers targeting this fast growing global business. World Water\'s editorial pages cover the whole spread of information from the latest engineering and technical developments to industry news. Presented in an easily assimilated style, World Water offers today’s busy water engineer/executive an overview of what is happening in the world of water supply, distribution and wastewater treatment, globally.

Keywords: Water treatment, Global effect, Processing utility, Physico-chemical parameters.

ABSTRACT

A simple, precise, rapid and accurate RP- HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Emtricetabine (FTC), Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and Rilpivirine HCl (RPV)in tablet dosage forms. An Inertsil ODS 3V, 250x4.6 mm, column with 5 μm particle size and the Mobile Phase- A, consisting of 0.03M KH2PO4 in water adjusting the pH-3.2 with dilute O-Phosphoric Acid, Mobile Phase-B consisting of Methanol & Water in ratio of 85:15 v/v & Acetonitrile & Buffer in ratio of 70:30 v/v, was used as diluent in the gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 265 nm. The retention times were 6.250 min for FTC, 8.386 min for TDF and 10.296 min for RPV successively. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 80-960 μg/mL for FTC, 120-1440 μg/mL for TDF and 10-120 μg/mL for RPV. The respective linear regression equation being Y= 9474.289x + 147734.8116 for FTC, Y = 6903.437x + 202292.0234 for TDF and Y= 25680.392x + 15736.147 for RPV. The Limit of Detection (LOD) is 0.4, 0.06 and 0.5 μg for FTC, TDF and RPVrespectively. The Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 1.2, 0.18 and 1.5 μg for FTC, TDF and RPV. The percentage assay of FTC, TDF and RPV were 98.60%, 98.68% and 99.39% respectively. The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision and system suitability. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of FTC, TDF and RPV in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Keywords: Emtricetabine (FTC), Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF), Rilpivirine HCl (RPV), RP-HPLC, Estimation, Tablets.

ABSTRACT

A total number of 42 mugs manufactured from plastics (locally made) were purchased and analyzed to determine the level of zinc, nickel, iron and cadmium. All samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3),(USP-400220 method) and analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) to determine heavy metal concentration. The results obtained showed the highest mean concentrations of (Zn: 0.864ppm in double distilled water, Ni: 0.691ppm in 8% ethanol, Fe: 0.654ppm in double distilled water and Cd: 0.01ppm in double distilled water) and also revealed that the leaching of these metals was temperature dependent i.e high at higher temperatures. The sample analyzed showed the following pattern: Zn>Ni>Fe>Cd.

Keywords: Plastics, Heavy metals, Leachates, Additives.

ABSTRACT

A simple UV spectroscopic method was developed and validated for the estimation of loratadine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using acetonitrile as solvent. The quantification was achieved at 250nm. Beers law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4-24 μg/ml. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies carried out in the range 80-120% to confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. The relative standard deviation was found to be less than 2.0%. The assay result of marketed formulation was found to be 99.46% pure. The present result shows that the proposed method can be successfully implemented for estimation of loratadine in bulk and its marketed formulations.

Keywords: UV Spectroscopy, Loratadine, Acetonitrile.

ABSTRACT

When drug resistance occurs, the drug or combination of drugs loses its ability to block the germ from reproducing. Over time, the treatment can stop working completely. This means the drugs become less effective. Various microorganisms have survived for thousands of years by adapting to drugs. For the isolation of potential MDR strains associated with both animals and humans, 36 different samples were collected from the Volunteers working in cowranch of nearby areas. From which 9 isolates were selected as MDR strains. These 9 isolates were used for further characterization on the basis of microscopic and biochemical tests. Isolates were assigned tentatively as genera as Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus.

Keywords: Antibacterial agents, Multiple drug resistance, Antibiotics, Isolates, Cowranch.

ABSTRACT

In the pharmaceutical world, an impurity is considered as any other organic material, besides the drug substance, or ingredients, arise out of synthesis or unwanted chemicals that remains with API’s. The impurity may be developed either during formulation, or upon aging of both API’s and formulated API’s in medicines. The control of impurities in Formulated products and Active Pharmaceutical ingredients were regulated by various regulatory authorities like US-FDA, ICH, MHRA, TGA etc. Nowadays apart from purity profile there was an increasing essentiality of impurity profile by regulatory agencies. Hence Qualification of impurities which is essential for establishing the biological safety of an individual impurity. Thus it reveals the need and scope of impurity profiling of drugs in Pharmaceutical research. Various methods are used to isolate and characterize impurities in pharmaceuticals, such as, capillary electrophoresis, electron paramagnetic resonance, gas–liquid chromatography, gravimetric analysis, high performance liquid chromatography, solid-phase extraction methods, liquid–liquid extraction method, Ultraviolet Spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, supercritical fluid extraction column chromatography, mass spectrometry, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and RAMAN spectroscopy. Among all hyphenated techniques, the most exploited techniques for impurity profiling of drugs are Liquid Chromatography (LC)-Mass Spectroscopy (MS), LC-NMR, LC-NMR-MS, GC-MS, and LC-MS. This reveals the need and scope of impurity profiling of drugs in pharmaceutical research.

Keywords: Impurity profiling, HPLC, Spectroscopy, ICH guidelines.

ABSTRACT

Simple, specific, accurate and precise UV–visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of five drugs viz., Dobutamine hydrochloride, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Ondansetron hydrochloride, Sumatriptan succinate and Verapamil hydrochloride. These methods involve the addition of a known excess of NBS to the drugs in acid medium followed by estimation of residual NBS by reacting with a fixed amount of Amaranth and measuring the absorbance at 520nm. The proposed methods were found to be successful for the estimation of these drugs in bulk and their formulations. The results of analysis have been validated statistically for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. Keywords: UV-visible spectrophotometry, Validation, Amaranth, Dobutamine HCl, Duloxetine HCl, Ondansetron HCl, Sumatriptan succinate, Verapamil HCl.

ABSTRACT

Three simple, sensitive, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric methods A, B and C have been developed for the quantitative estimation of Silodosin in bulk drug and also pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is a UV-spectrophotometric method in which Silodosin was dissolved in alcohol showing ×’max 269nm.The method is linear in the concentration range of 10-50mg/ml. Methods B and C are based on oxidation followed by complex formation reaction. In method B and C Silodosin reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2’-bipyridyl to form orange red colored chromogen which shows maximum absorbance at 507nm and 518nm for methods B and C respectively. Linearity range for method B was between 2-10mg/ml and that for method C was between 4-20mg/ml. Results of the analysis were validated statistically. All the validation parameters were within the acceptable range and prove the precision, sensitivity and applicability of the methods for the routine quantitative determination of Silodosin in its dosage form.

Keywords: Silodosin, 1,10-phenanthroline,  2,2’-bipyridyl, UV-Spectrophotometer.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to compare the efficiency and safety of oral (50 μg) and vaginal (25 μg) misoprostol for labour induction. In this study one Hundred patients with indications for labour induction randomly received 50 μg oral misoprostol every 4 h or 25 μg vaginal misoprostol every 4 h, using maximum four doses. Mean induction time, mode of delivery, rates of tachysystole, oxytocin use, number of doses used, failed induction rate and Intrapartum complication with fetal outcomes were compared for the two groups. Mean dose of misoprostol used for oral and vaginal misoprostol study populations were 2.34 ± 1.05 and 1.96 ± 0.91, respectively. There were two failed inductions in the oral (4%) and one failed induction (2%) in the vaginal group after a total of six doses of misoprostol. Our findings indicated that, 50 μg oral misoprostol has the potential to induce labor as safely and effectively as its 25 μg vaginal analogue. Oral ingestion of misoprostol being easier for the patient and the doctor, orally administered is more preferable than the vaginal route.

Keywords: Labour induction, Oral misoprostol, Cervical ripening agents.

ABSTRACT

Lamivudine is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent used to treat HIV infection and hepatitis-B viral infection by inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase enzyme. So is very important to estimate the dosage form. There are so many analytical methods for the estimation of lamivudine. However there is need for developing an economical, fast and accurate method for estimation of lamivudine. The present study involved the analytical method of development of lamivudine by titrimetry and uv-visible spectrophotometry methods. Estimation of lamivudine in one marketed brand by titration and uv-visible spectrophotometric method.

Keywords: Lamivudine, Chloramines-T, Titrimetry, MBTH & PDAB reagent, UV-Vis. spectrophotometer.